{"id":29103,"date":"2023-09-12T16:03:43","date_gmt":"2023-09-12T15:03:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/movery.it\/?p=29103"},"modified":"2024-07-23T12:19:11","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T11:19:11","slug":"dialetto-napoletano-alle-radici-di-una-vera-e-propria-lingua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/dialetto-napoletano-alle-radici-di-una-vera-e-propria-lingua\/","title":{"rendered":"Le dialecte napolitain : aux racines d'une vraie langue"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" >Table des mati\u00e8res<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/dialetto-napoletano-alle-radici-di-una-vera-e-propria-lingua\/#Proposition_for_you\" title=\"Proposition pour vous\">Proposition pour vous<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/dialetto-napoletano-alle-radici-di-una-vera-e-propria-lingua\/#Storia_e_origini_del_dialetto_napoletano\" title=\"Histoire et origines du dialecte napolitain\">Histoire et origines du dialecte napolitain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/dialetto-napoletano-alle-radici-di-una-vera-e-propria-lingua\/#Letteratura_e_musica_in_dialetto_napoletano\" title=\"Litt\u00e9rature et musique en dialecte napolitain\">Litt\u00e9rature et musique en dialecte napolitain<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"29103\" class=\"elementor elementor-29103\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd537f9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dd537f9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3e9d03 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"a3e9d03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#step 1\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Le dialecte napolitain<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#step 2\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Les origines du dialecte<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1591d935 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1591d935\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1400dfa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1400dfa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"step 1\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Le dialecte napolitain a des origines tr\u00e8s archa\u00efques et repr\u00e9sente aujourd'hui une langue \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re. Il est parl\u00e9 couramment non seulement en Campanie et dans les r\u00e9gions m\u00e9ridionales voisines, mais aussi \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, gr\u00e2ce aux milliers d'habitants de la r\u00e9gion. <strong>\u00e9migrants <\/strong>qui ont quitt\u00e9 Naples pour l'Am\u00e9rique et l'Am\u00e9rique du Sud \u00e0 la fin du 19e et au d\u00e9but du 20e si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D'un point de vue purement lexical, le dialecte napolitain est un idiome suprar\u00e9gional bas\u00e9 sur l'ancienne forme vernaculaire napolitaine utilis\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de l'Est. <strong>Royaume de Naples <\/strong>et, au fil du temps, a partiellement remplac\u00e9 le latin pour la r\u00e9daction des documents officiels de la cour de Naples par d\u00e9cret d'Alphonse Ier en 1492.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Pendant des si\u00e8cles, la langue vernaculaire napolitaine a servi de pont entre la pens\u00e9e de l'Antiquit\u00e9 classique et la pens\u00e9e moderne et baroque, ainsi qu'entre la culture du sud et celle du nord de l'Europe. Ce n'est pas un hasard si les contes de f\u00e9es les plus connus de la culture europ\u00e9enne ont d'abord \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillis en napolitain.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Actuellement, le dialecte napolitain est la deuxi\u00e8me langue la plus diffus\u00e9e sur notre territoire, apr\u00e8s la langue italienne. Ce sujet a fait l'objet de nombreux d\u00e9bats, car on pensait \u00e0 l'origine que le dialecte napolitain \u00e9tait la langue la plus r\u00e9pandue dans notre pays.<strong>L'UNESCO<\/strong> avait reconnu le dialecte napolitain comme une langue et un site du patrimoine mondial. En fait, il s'est av\u00e9r\u00e9 plus tard que l'UNESCO l'a simplement reconnu comme une langue en danger d'extinction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading --><!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2583079 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2583079\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c86f812 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"c86f812\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t    \n    <div class=\"st-relate st-hotel-room-content\">\n        <div class=\"relate-rooms\">\n            <div class=\"st-hr\"><\/div>\n            <h2 class=\"st-heading-section\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proposition_for_you\"><\/span>Proposition pour vous<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n            <div class=\"inner service-list-wrapper service-tour\">\n                <div class=\"owl-carousel st-owl-slider\" data-loop=\"false\" data-center=\"true\" data-margin=\"24\" data-responsive=\"{&quot;992&quot;:{&quot;items&quot;:4},&quot;768&quot;:{&quot;items&quot;:2},&quot;0&quot;:{&quot;items&quot;:1}}\"><div class=\"item-slide\"><div class=\"services-item grid item-elementor mb-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Trip\">\n    <div class=\"item service-border st-border-radius\">\n        <div class=\"header-services-item\" style=\"height: 50px; 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height: 48px;\">\n                <i class=\"stt-icon-star1\"><\/i>\n                <span class=\"rate\" itemprop=\"ratingValue\" style=\"color: #0f3f5b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t5 <span>\/<\/span> 5\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rate-text\" style=\"color: #0f3f5b;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tExcellent\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n                <span class=\"summary\">\n                    (3 commentaires)\n                <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"event-date d-none\" itemprop=\"startDate\" content=\"2026-04-25 09:34:03\">2026-04-25 09:34:03<\/div>\n\n                        <div class=\"section-footer\">\n                                <div class=\"section_footer_content\" itemprop=\"priceRange\">\n                    <span class=\"price-tour\" >\n                        <span class=\"price\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"sale-top\">De  <span class=\"text-lg lh1em item\"> \u20ac5.00<\/span><\/span><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;une personne<\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n\n                                                <span class=\"unit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t        <a href=\"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/campania\/napoli\/san-lorenzo-maggiore-napoli-sotterranea\/\" class=\"add_tour\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t        Livre \n\t\t\t\t\t\t        <\/a>\n                            <\/span>\n                                        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"item-slide\"><div class=\"services-item grid item-elementor mb-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Trip\">\n    <div class=\"item service-border st-border-radius\">\n        <div class=\"header-services-item\" style=\"height: 50px; 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On pense qu'un substrat possible est le <strong>Langue oscane <\/strong>qui \u00e9tait parl\u00e9 dans l'Antiquit\u00e9 par les populations indig\u00e8nes de l'Italie centrale et m\u00e9ridionale, m\u00eame si Neapolis \u00e9tait connue pour ses racines grecques. Quoi qu'il en soit, il n'existe pas \u00e0 ce jour de traces non \u00e9quivoques \u00e0 ce sujet.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>De plus, comme toute autre forme linguistique, le dialecte napolitain a connu au cours de son histoire des \u00e9volutions et des changements. <strong>pr\u00eats et influences<\/strong> par les diff\u00e9rents peuples qui ont habit\u00e9 la Campanie \u00e0 partir du Moyen \u00c2ge. Il s'agit notamment des marchands byzantins, des ducs lombards de B\u00e9n\u00e9vent et des souverains normands, fran\u00e7ais et espagnols. Quant \u00e0 l'espagnol et \u00e0 la pr\u00e9tendue similitude entre les deux idiomes, elle ne serait pas due \u00e0 des si\u00e8cles de domination, mais principalement au fait que les deux sont des langues n\u00e9o-latines et que de nombreux \u00e9l\u00e9ments communs peuvent \u00eatre attribu\u00e9s au latin vulgaire.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Sous le r\u00e8gne d'Aragon, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9 que le napolitain reste la langue de l'administration locale, sans imposer l'espagnol ou le catalan, mais la tentative a \u00e9chou\u00e9 avec le d\u00e9but de la vice-royaut\u00e9 espagnole au d\u00e9but du XVIe si\u00e8cle, o\u00f9 l'on a pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 l'italien. Au milieu du 19e si\u00e8cle, la <strong>Royaume des Deux-Siciles <\/strong>n'utilisaient que l'italien comme langue litt\u00e9raire et administrative et le dialecte napolitain n'a donc jamais eu le statut de langue officielle, sauf pendant une courte p\u00e9riode (1442-1501).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Letteratura_e_musica_in_dialetto_napoletano\"><\/span><strong>Litt\u00e9rature et musique en dialecte napolitain<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Comme d'autres langues du monde, le dialecte napolitain a une tr\u00e8s longue tradition litt\u00e9raire. En effet, on trouve des traces \u00e9crites d\u00e8s 960 dans le document <strong>Placito de Capoue<\/strong> et au XIVe si\u00e8cle dans une vulgarisation du latin de La Storia della distruzione di Troia de Guido delle Colonne. La premi\u00e8re \u0153uvre attest\u00e9e \u00e9crite en dialecte napolitain est le Diurnali, une chronique des \u00e9v\u00e9nements les plus importants du royaume de Sicile au XIe si\u00e8cle, probablement \u00e9crite par Matteo Spinelli de Giovinazzo.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Le po\u00e8te le plus important en dialecte napolitain \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque moderne est Giulio Cesare Cortese qui, en tant qu'\u00e9crivain, a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier \u00e0 s'exprimer en dialecte napolitain. <strong>Giambattista Basile<\/strong> a jet\u00e9 les bases de la dignit\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire de la langue napolitaine. On se souvient surtout de l'\u0153uvre de Cortese, Vaiasseide, un po\u00e8me h\u00e9ro\u00ef-comique divis\u00e9 en cinq cantos, o\u00f9 le m\u00e8tre linguistique et th\u00e9matique est abaiss\u00e9 au niveau des protagonistes, qui sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment des vaiasse, c'est-\u00e0-dire des roturiers napolitains.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>La prose napolitaine est ainsi devenue c\u00e9l\u00e8bre principalement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'auteur Basile, cit\u00e9 plus haut, qui v\u00e9cut au milieu du XVIIe si\u00e8cle et dont l'\u0153uvre la plus connue est <strong>Lo Cunto de li Cunti, ovvero lo trattenimiento de le piccerille<\/strong>plus tard traduite en italien par Benedetto Croce. Au cours des trois derniers si\u00e8cles, une litt\u00e9rature grandiose en dialecte napolitain a donc fleuri, souvent dans des domaines tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents et avec des sommets de tr\u00e8s grande qualit\u00e9. C'est le cas des \u0153uvres de Raffaele Viviani, Ferdinando Russo, Eduardo Scarpetta, Antonio de Curtis, Eduardo De Filippo et Salvatore di Giacomo.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Mais le dialecte napolitain a aussi trouv\u00e9 sa place dans les chansons napolitaines, issues d'une longue tradition musicale et aujourd'hui r\u00e9pandues dans le monde entier. Il suffit de penser au succ\u00e8s de \"O sole mio\", l'hymne mondial de l'Italie traduit dans de nombreuses langues. Par ailleurs, entre le XVIIe et le XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, c'est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de l'apog\u00e9e de la <strong>\u00e9cole de musique napolitaine<\/strong>cet idiome a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour composer des livrets d'op\u00e9ra, comme Lo frate 'nnammurato de Pergolesi.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Mais au-del\u00e0 des grands classiques, le napolitain est aujourd'hui largement utilis\u00e9 dans la musique pop, hip hop, rap et trap. Comment ne pas mentionner Pino Daniele, Napoli Centrale et Nuova Compagnia di Canto Popolare, 99 Posse, Almamegretta, Tullio de Piscopo, Co'Sang et bien d'autres, o\u00f9 convergent l'italien, le napolitain, l'anglais, l'espagnol et d'autres langues. \u00c0 partir des ann\u00e9es 1970, une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration n\u00e9o-m\u00e9lodique a vu le jour avec Gigi d'Alessio, Gigi Finizio, Sal Da Vinci et Nino D'Angelo, tandis qu'au cours des dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le rap napolitain a fait son chemin avec Clementino, Rocco Hunt, Geolier, Luch\u00e9, Enzo Dong et Lele Blade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le dialecte napolitain est l'une des langues les plus importantes d'Italie et du monde...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":29108,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Le origini del dialetto napoletano","_seopress_titles_desc":"Il dialetto napoletano \u00e8 una delle lingue di maggiore importanza in Italia e nel mondo che nel tempo ha sviluppato una propria tradizione letteraria e musicale","_seopress_robots_index":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[307],"tags":[],"locations":[167,208],"class_list":["post-29103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-passi-memoria","locations-campania","locations-napoli"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29103"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37936,"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29103\/revisions\/37936"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29103"},{"taxonomy":"locations","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movery.it\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/locations?post=29103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}